Breast Cancer Treatment in Pune | Dr.Snita Sinukumar

Early Signs & Symptoms 

Early breast cancer usually does not cause pain. In fact, when breast cancer first develops, there may be no symptoms at all. But as cancer grows, it can cause changes that women should watch for:

• A lump or thickening in or near the breast or in the underarm area.
•  A change in the size or shape of a breast.
• Nipple discharge or tenderness, or the nipple pulled back (inverted) into the breast.
• Ridges or pitting of the breast (the skin looks like the skin of an orange).
• A change in the way the skin of the breast, areola, or nipple looks or feels (for example,warm, swollen, red or scaly).
• A woman should see her doctor about any symptoms like these. Most often, they are not cancer, but it’s important to check with the doctor so that any problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

Click here for more information: Breast Cancer Treatment in Pune 

Breast Cancer 

Ovarian Cancer Treatment in Pune

Cancer occurs when cells in an area of the body grow abnormally.

Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer among women.

There are three types of ovarian cancer:

(1) epithelial ovarian cancer

(2) germ cell cancer and

(3) stromal cell cancer.

• Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common and accounts for 85 percent to 89 percent of ovarian cancers. It forms on the surface of the ovary in the epithelial cells.
• On the other hand, germ cell cancer is an uncommon form of ovarian cancer, accounting for only about five percent of ovarian cancers.Germ cell cancers start in the cells that form the eggs in the ovaries. This cancer is usually found in adolescent girls and young women, and usually affects only one ovary. Please visit the Women’s Cancer Network
• Stromal cell cancer starts in the cells that produce female hormones and hold the ovarian tissues together. Familial breast-ovarian cancer syndrome is a common inherited condition that causes 10 percent of all ovarian cancers and 5–10 percent

of all breast cancers. Research confirms that there is a link between breast and ovarian cancer. Any woman who has had one of these cancers is at a higher risk for developing the other.

Click here for more : Ovarian Cancer Treatment in Pune

Risk factors of head and neck cancer

Risk factors for head and neck cancer

Smoking cigarettes, cigars or pipes:
Smoking tobacco increases the risk of developing many types of head and neck cancer, including mouth cancers, throat cancers and cancer of the voice box. The more cigarettes someone smokes, and the more years they smoke for, the higher the risk.


 Chewing tobacco or betel quid (paan):
Chewing tobacco or betel quid increases the risk of developing mouth cancer.


Alcohol:
Drinking alcohol is linked to cancers of the mouth and throat. The more alcohol a person drinks, and the greater number of years they drink for, the higher the risk.
Alcohol and tobacco combined greatly increase the risk of head and neck cancer. People who both smoke and drink heavily over several years have the highest risk of developing head and neck cancers.


  Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection:
Cancers at the back of the tongue and in the tonsils (cancers of the oropharynx) have become more common over the past 20 years.
Many of these cancers are linked to infection with a type of virus called human papillomavirus 16 (HPV 16). It’s thought that one of the main ways this virus spreads to the mouth and throat is through oral sex. The risk of infection goes up with increasing numbers of oral sex partners.



 Diet:
A diet that’s high in animal fats and low in fresh fruit and vegetables may increase the risk of developing head and neck cancer. Some types of salted fish that may be eaten as part of a Chinese diet can increase the risk of developing cancer of the nasopharynx.


Sunlight:
Exposure to sunlight over a prolonged period of time increases the risk of developing cancer on the outside of the lip. About 1 in 3 people diagnosed with lip cancer work outdoors.


  Exposure to chemicals:
Prolonged exposure to some types of dust and certain chemicals increases the risk of developing cancers of the nasopharynx and sinuses. Hardwood dust, leather dust and formaldehyde (found in MDF dust) are linked to some cancers of the nasopharynx and sinuses.


  Pre-cancerous conditions:
Pre-cancerous conditions of the mouth, such as oral submucosal fibrosis, leukoplakia, and erythroplakia (white or red patches in the mouth often linked to tobacco use), increase the risk of cancer developing in the mouth.


  Family history:
There may be a slightly higher risk of developing a head and neck cancer if you have a close relative (a parent, brother, sister or child) who has had a head and neck cancer.  Dr. Snita Sinukumar is one of the best for  head and neck cancer treatment in Pune.

Read more at- http://www.cancerspecialistpune.com/head-and-neck-cancer-treatment-in-pune/

Head and Neck Cancer 

Breast Cancer Treatment in Pune

Breast Cancer is the most common form of cancer among Indian women. Three-fourths of the cases of breast cancer occur in women ages 35 and 55 years

Each breast has 15 to 20 sections called lobes. Within each lobe are many smaller lobules. Lobules end in dozens of tiny bulbs that can produce milk.
The lobes, lobules and bulbs are all linked by thin tubes called ducts.These ducts lead to the nipple in the center of a dark area of skin called the areola.
Fat surrounds the lobules and ducts.There are no muscles in the breast, but muscles lie under each breast and cover the ribs.
These normal features can sometimes make the breasts feel lumpy, especially in women who are thin or who have small breasts.
Each breast also contains blood vessels and lymph vessels.
The lymph vessels carry colorless fluid, called lymph, and lead to small bean-shaped organs called lymph nodes.
Clusters of lymph nodes are found near the breast under the arm (in the axilla), above the collarbone, and in the chest.
Lymph nodes arealso found in many other parts of the body. Over her lifetime, a woman can encounter a broad variety of breast conditions.
These include normal changes that occur during the menstrual cycle as well as several types of benign (noncancerous) lumps.
What they have in common is that they are not cancer. Even for breast lumps that require a biopsy, some 80 percent prove to be benign.

Read more at: Breast Cancer Treatment in Pune 

Women's Cancer Treatment in Pune

Ovarian Cancer: An Overview

Cancer occurs when cells in an area of the body grow abnormally.

Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer among women.

There are three types of ovarian cancer:

(1) epithelial ovarian cancer

(2) germ cell cancer and

(3) stromal cell cancer.

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common and accounts for 85 percent to 89 percent of ovarian cancers. It forms on the surface of the ovary in the epithelial cells.

On the other hand, germ cell cancer is an uncommon form of ovarian cancer, accounting for only about five percent of ovarian cancers.Germ cell cancers start in the cells that form the eggs in the ovaries. This cancer is usually found in adolescent girls and young women, and usually affects only one ovary. Please visit the Women’s Cancer Network

Stromal cell cancer starts in the cells that produce female hormones and hold the ovarian tissues together. Familial breast-ovarian cancer syndrome is a common inherited condition that causes 10 percent of all ovarian cancers and 5–10 percent

of all breast cancers. Research confirms that there is a link between breast and ovarian cancer. Any woman who has had one of these cancers is at a higher risk for developing the other.

Read more at : http://www.cancerspecialistpune.com/ovarian-cancer/

What is Cancer

 Cancer is abnormal and uncontrolled multiplication of cells. Normally the multiplication of cells is very systematically controlled by genetically controlled mechanisms based on bodies’ requirement. However, when one or few cells come out of this control mechanism and start multiplying that is called cancer. As the cells multiply without control, they spread to various parts of the body.

There are more than 200 types of cancers. Cancer can affect any organ in the body. However, some organs are affected more commonly than others. The most common organs affected include breast, colon & stomach. This also depends on the race and habits. Cervical cancer and mouth cancers are more common among Indians. Prostate cancer is more common among people of African origin.

Cancer can be cured if detected early. You have to be aware of your body. Look at any changes that occur so that you can approach your doctor when you notice something that needs attention.

Click here for more : Cancer Specialist in Pune

Colorectal Cancer

• Colorectal cancer is a cancer that starts in the rectum or colon, which is the large intestine. Both of these organs are in the lower portion of your digestive system. The colon is also known as the large intestine, and the rectum is at the end of the colon.

• The colon and rectum, which together form the large bowel, perform vital functions in the last phases of digestion.

• Digestion first begins in the mouth where food is chewed into smaller pieces and swallowed. The food travels down the esophagus to the stomach where it is further broken down by gastric juices and sent to the small intestine.

• The small intestine continues to break down the content  in addition to absorbing most of the nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins and vitamins.

• Once the contents have passed through the small intestine, the material
  has become mostly liquid and is moved into the colon, which measures about 5 ½ feet long.

• The main function of the colon is to absorb water and dehydrate the leftover material, forming semi-solid matter, or stool. The colonmoves the stool into the approximately 6-inch long rectum, which acts as a holding chamber, until it is ready to be expelled through the anus.

There are some factors that may increase your risk of developing colorectal cancer:

Unavoidable Factors

Some factors that increase your risk of getting colorectal cancer are unavoidable. Getting older is one of them. Your chances of developing the cancer increase after you reach the age of 50. Some other unavoidable risk factors are:

• a prior history of colon polyps
• a prior history of bowel diseases
• a family history of colorectal cancer
• having a genetic syndrome, such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
• being of Eastern European Jewish or African-American descent

Avoidable Factors

Some risk factors for colorectal cancer are:

• being overweight or obese
• smoking
• a heavy use of alcohol
• having type 2 diabetes
• having a sedentary lifestyle
• consuming a diet high in processed foods or red meats

Click for more : Cancer Specialist in Pune

Stomach Cancer

• Stomach cancer is cancer that occurs in the stomach — the muscular sac located in the upper middle of your abdomen, just below your ribs. Your stomach receives and holds the food you eat and then helps to break down and digest it.

• Another term for stomach cancer is gastric cancer. These two terms most often refer to stomach cancer that begins in the mucus-producing cells on the inside lining of the stomach (adenocarcinoma). Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of stomach cancer

Risk Factors

• A diet high in salty and smoked foods
• A diet low in fruits and vegetables
• Eating foods contaminated with aflatoxin fungus
• Family history of stomach cancer
• Infection with Helicobacter pylori
• Long-term stomach inflammation
• Pernicious anemia
• Smoking
• Stomach polyps

Syomptms

• Fatigue
• Feeling bloated after eating
• Feeling full after eating small amounts of food
• Heartburn that is severe and persistent
• Indigestion that is severe and unrelenting
• Nausea that is persistent and unexplained
• Stomach pain
• Vomiting that is persistent
• Weight loss that is unintentional

Click here for more : Cancer Specialist in Pune

Cytoreductive Surgery And HIPEC

Cytoreductive Surgery And HIPEC: An Overview
Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is an innovative
procedure used to treat cancers that have originated in or spread to the abdominal cavity, such as
appendiceal cancer, pseudomyxoma peritonei, colon cancer, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, and
peritoneal mesothelioma. It is a Two part procedure involving surgical removal of cancer followed by
heated chemotherapy instilled in the abdominal cavity for approximately 90 minutes
What Are The Advantages Of Cytoreductive Surgery And HIPEC?
Cancers located in abdominal cavity are challenging to treat. Systemic chemotherapy can be less
effective in treating tumors located on the surface of the abdominal wall and organs. With the use of
Cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC , a chance of cure and improved survival can be offered to patients with
disease limited to the peritoneal cavity and abdomen. In the appearance of recurrences, limited to the
abdomen, HIPEC has become a useful therapeutic strategy.
What Are The Risks Of Cytoreductive Surgery With HIPEC?
Bleeding
Infection
Formation of blood clots
Development of an enterocutaneous fistula or an anastomotic leak
Reduced oral intake resulting in need for TPN

Click here for more details : Cancer Specialist in Pune

Endometrial cancer | Dr.Snita Sinukumar

Endometrial cancer is cancer of the lining of the uterus (called the endometrium).

• The uterus (or womb) is where a baby grows during pregnancy. The fallopian tubes on both sides of it connect it to the ovaries and the cervix connects it to the vagina.

• These reproductive organs are located in the pelvis, close to the bladder and rectum.

• The endometrium is the inside lining of the uterus that grows each month during the childbearing years.
Risk factors for endometrial cancer

Include use of estrogen without progesterone,
Diabetes, hypertension.
Tamoxifen use.
Later age of menopause .
Heredity also plays a role in a small percentage of women with endometrial cancer.
The most common warning sign for uterine cancer, including endometrial cancer, is abnormal vaginal bleeding. Recognition of this symptom often affords an opportunity for early diagnosis and treatment. In older women, any bleeding after menopause may be a symptom of endometrial cancer. Younger women are also at risk, and should note irregular or heavy vaginal bleeding as

This can be symptoms of endometrial cancer.

Symptoms for endometrial cancer include:

Vaginal bleeding or spotting after menopause
New onset of heavy menstrual periods or bleeding between periods
A watery pink or white discharge from the vagina
Two or more weeks of persistent pain in the lower abdomen or pelvic area
Pain during sexual intercourse
When a woman experiences concerning symptoms, a pelvic exam, including a rectogvaginal exam, and a general physical should be performed. If the exam is abnormal, the woman should undergo an endometrial biopsy, ultrasound and/or and a D&C (dilation and curettage) procedure.
Endometrial cancer may be treated with surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy or hormonal therapy.

Your specific treatment plan will depend on several factors, including:

The stage, grade and specific subtype (histology) of your cancer
The size and location of your cancer
Your age and general health
The most common treatment for endometrial cancer is surgery. Several types of surgery can be performed.
Hysterectomy:
involves removal of the uterus and cervix and is the standard procedure for treating endometrial cancer. The uterus and cervix can be removed in one of three ways:

Total abdominal hysterectomy: the uterus and cervix are taken out through an incision in the abdomen.
Radical abdominal hysterectomy: in addition to the uterus and cervix, the tissue next to the uterus and cervix, as well as part of the upper vagina, are also removed.
Minimally invasive hysterectomy (laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy and robotic total laparoscopic hysterectomy): the uterus and cervix are taken out through the vagina with the assistance of a laparoscope or robotic device (a small tube-like viewing instrument) that is placed through the abdomen via a small incision.
In most cases, both ovaries and both fallopian tubes must also be removed. This procedure is called a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Lymph nodes in the abdomen and pelvis may also be taken out to see whether they contain cancer.

Side effects of surgery:

Some discomfort is common after surgery. It often can be controlled with medicine. Tell your treatment team if you are experiencing any pain. Other possible side effects are:

Nausea and vomiting
Infection, fever
Wound problems
Fullness due to fluid in the abdomen
Shortness of breath due to fluid around the lungs
Anemia
Swelling cause by lymphedema, usually in the legs
Blood clots
Difficulty urinating or constipation
Shortening of the vagina
Talk with your doctor if you are experiencing any of the side effects listed above.
Click here for more details : Cancer Specialist in Pune

Cervical Cancer

• Cervical cancer is a cancer that begins in the cervix, the part of the uterus or womb that opens into the vagina.

• It is the part of the uterus that dilates and opens fully to allow a baby to pass into the birth canal.

• The normal cervix has two main types of cells: squamous or flat cells, that protect the outside of the cervix and glandular cells, that are mostly inside the cervix, that make the fluid and mucus commonly seen during ovulation.

• Cervical cancer is caused by abnormal changes in either of these cell types in the cervix, and is the only gynecologic cancer that can be prevented by regular screening and preventive vaccination. Cervical cancer usually affects women between the ages of 30 and 55.

Click Here for more details : Cancer Specialist in Pune

Ovarian Cancer

Cancer occurs when cells in an area of the body grow abnormally.

Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer among women.

There are three types of ovarian cancer:

(1) epithelial ovarian cancer

(2) germ cell cancer and

(3) stromal cell cancer.

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common and accounts for 85 percent to 89 percent of ovarian cancers. It forms on the surface of the ovary in the epithelial cells.

On the other hand, germ cell cancer is an uncommon form of ovarian cancer, accounting for only about five percent of ovarian cancers.Germ cell cancers start in the cells that form the eggs in the ovaries. This cancer is usually found in adolescent girls and young women, and usually affects only one ovary. Please visit the Women’s Cancer Network

Stromal cell cancer starts in the cells that produce female hormones and hold the ovarian tissues together. Familial breast-ovarian cancer syndrome is a common inherited condition that causes 10 percent of all ovarian cancers and 5–10 percent

of all breast cancers. Research confirms that there is a link between breast and ovarian cancer. Any woman who has had one of these cancers is at a higher risk for developing the other.

Click Here for more details : Cancer Specialist in Pune

Ovarian Cancer

Cancer occurs when cells in an area of the body grow abnormally.Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer among women.

There are three types of ovarian cancer:

(1) epithelial ovarian cancer

(2) germ cell cancer and

(3) stromal cell cancer.

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common and accounts for 85 percent to 89 percent of ovarian cancers. It forms on the surface of the ovary in the epithelial cells.
On the other hand, germ cell cancer is an uncommon form of ovarian cancer, accounting for only about five percent of ovarian cancers.Germ cell cancers start in the cells that form the eggs in the ovaries. This cancer is usually found in adolescent girls and young women, and usually affects only one ovary. Please visit the Women’s Cancer Network
Stromal cell cancer starts in the cells that produce female hormones and hold the ovarian tissues together. Familial breast-ovarian cancer syndrome is a common inherited condition that causes 10 percent of all ovarian cancers and 5–10 percent
of all breast cancers. Research confirms that there is a link between breast and ovarian cancer. Any woman who has had one of these cancers is at a higher risk for developing the other.
Read  here more  : Cancer Specialist in Pune

Cancer Specialist in Pune

Head And Neck Cancer: An Overview

Head and neck cancers include cancers of the mouth (oral cancers) and the throat, as well as rarer cancers of the nose, sinuses, salivary glands and middle ear.

  MOUTH CANCERS (ORAL CANCERS):

The mouth is the most common place for head and neck cancer to develop. Mouth cancer can develop on the lip, the tongue, the floor of the mouth (under the tongue), the inside of the cheek, the roof of the mouth (the hard palate), the area behind the wisdom teeth or the gum.

  LIP CANCER: Most lip cancers occur on the bottom lip.

  CANCER OF THE ORAL CAVITY (INSIDE THE MOUTH):

The most common places for cancer to develop inside the mouth are the side of the tongue and the floor of the mouth.

  THROAT CANCERS:

Doctors use different names to describe different areas of the throat and the cancers that can develop there.

  CANCER OF THE NASOPHARYNX:

The nasopharynx is the highest part of the throat behind the nose. Cancers that occur here are called nasopharyngeal cancers.

  CANCER OF THE OROPHARYNX:

• The oropharynx is the part of the throat directly behind the mouth. It includes the soft part of the roof of the mouth (the soft palate), the base of the tongue (the part you can’t see), the tonsils and the back and side walls of the throat.

• The most common places in the oropharynx for cancer to develop are the tonsils and the base of the tongue. We have more information about cancer of the oropharynx.

  CANCER OF THE VOICE BOX (LARYNX):

This is the second most common place for head and neck cancer to develop. We have more information about cancer of the voice box.

  CANCER OF THE THYROID GLAND:

Cancer can also develop in the thyroid gland. It is treated differently from other types of head and neck cancer. We have more information about thyroid cancer.

RARER CANCERS OF THE HEAD AND NECK:

  CANCER OF THE SINUSES:

There are air spaces called sinuses in the bones of the face alongside the nose. Cancers can develop in the lining of these sinuses.

  CANCER OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS:

Salivary glands make saliva, which keeps the mouth moist. There are three major pairs of salivary glands:

• Parotid glands – which are found on each side of the face, just in front of the ears
• Submandibular glands – which are under each side of the jawbone
• Sublingual glands – which are under the floor of the mouth and below either side of the tongue.

Salivary gland cancer is most likely to develop in the parotid glands.

  CANCER OF THE MIDDLE EAR:

Rarely, cancer can develop in the middle ear. The middle ear is made up of the eardrum and a cavity called the tympanum, which contains three little bones (the malleus, incus, and stapes). These bones connect the eardrum to the inner ear. The tympanum is connected to the nasopharynx by a tube called the Eustachian tube.

click here for more details :  Cancer Specialist in Pune